Although rapping is now seen as the most popular part of hip hop, it actually wasn’t the main focus when the culture first started. In the early days, MCing (or rapping) was just one piece of a larger movement. Hip hop originally stood on four main pillars that worked together to form a complete culture:

1. MCing (Rapping)

MCing involves using spoken word, rhythm, and rhyme to express thoughts, tell stories, and hype up the crowd. Early on, MCs mainly worked alongside DJs to keep the energy going at parties. Over time, rapping became more lyrical and complex, eventually taking center stage in mainstream music.

2. DJing

The DJ was actually the heart of hip hop in the beginning. DJs like Kool Herc used turntables to loop breaks from funk and soul records, creating the beats that people danced and rapped to. Techniques like scratching, mixing, and beat juggling became central to the art of DJing.

3. Breakdancing (B-boying/B-girling)

Breakdancing gave young people a physical outlet for creativity and competition. Dancers used powerful moves like spins, freezes, and footwork to battle and impress the crowd. Crews would form and compete with each other in showcases of skill and style.

4. Graffiti Art

Graffiti was the visual side of hip hop. Artists would tag walls, trains, and buildings with colorful letters and murals. It was a way to leave a mark and gain recognition in a city where many felt unseen. Though controversial, graffiti became a powerful form of self-expression and identity.